The 2019 government work report pointed out that it is necessary to build an industrial Internet platform and expand "smart+"to empower the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. This is the third consecutive year that artificial intelligence has been written into the government work report, and it is also the first time that artificial intelligence has been upgraded to a "smart+"national strategy. Artificial intelligence, Internet, big data, Internet of Things, etc. together form the core of a smart city. "Smart+"combines artificial intelligence with industrial development, economic transformation, social governance, cultural consumption and urban innovation more closely.
The 2019 government work report pointed out that it is necessary to build an industrial Internet platform and expand "smart+"to empower the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. This is the third consecutive year that artificial intelligence has been written into the government work report, and it is also the first time that artificial intelligence has been upgraded to a "smart+"national strategy. Artificial intelligence, Internet, big data, Internet of Things, etc. together form the core of a smart city. "Smart+"combines artificial intelligence with industrial development, economic transformation, social governance, cultural consumption and urban innovation more closely. In this context, we can’t simply understand "smart+"as a technology industry or platform, but should take it as an important concept and an important means to standardize the governance of smart cities and promote the construction of new smart cities, and take the promotion and optimization of smart city standards as the breakthrough point to continuously improve the construction quality of new smart cities in China.
Main application problems in the construction of smart cities in China
Problems existing in ITS and intelligent building projects. First, repeated planning and construction and waste of resources. Due to the lack of relevant construction standards, it is impossible to guide, coordinate and integrate hardware systems and data resources such as transportation, commerce and public security. When promoting traffic detection, video surveillance and intelligent parking, cities mainly adopt the way of laying out new resources, which makes the existing information infrastructure "abandoned". The second is "individual combat" and "talking about things." Due to the lack of unified standard interface and system planning assumption, not only the technical standards such as ITS and intelligent building can not be connected, but also the information integration and comprehensive application are difficult, which makes the related projects deviate from the main line of smart city development, and the support for urban operation and management is inefficient and the field is not wide.
Problems in the field of internet of things. The application of Internet of Things involves industrial automation, public safety, food traceability, smart home, education and medical care, finance, national defense, etc. In terms of technology, it involves RFID, infrared sensor, GPS and other information perception layers and data transmission, cloud computing, data analysis, control and processing layers, and requires a complete standard support at the transmission protocol, terminal architecture, operating system and other levels. At present, there are two main problems: first, in the Internet of Things technology, the "vassal regime" of various protocols and schemes has seriously affected the effective exchange of data between different networks; Second, in data processing, a large number of unstructured and disorderly redundant "big data" have caused great technical obstacles to data mining, calculation and noise reduction of the Internet of Things.
Problems existing in the construction of smart communities. The construction of smart community involves building, home, public security monitoring, medical care, food and drug supervision, digital life, etc. At the same time, it needs to coordinate the main bodies such as information management, civil affairs, medical and health care, culture and sports, social security, comprehensive management and community residents. In the process of system construction and information interaction, it needs to be integrated with the existing social management and public service systems such as community affairs acceptance and social comprehensive management to ensure the national "internet plus" government service and government service. Without scientific, applicable and eclectic construction standards, it is impossible to achieve the coordination of relevant parties at the level of smart community, and on this basis, it can achieve the integration and consistency with other communities and even the whole city operation and management, and achieve the effect of 1+n > n+1.
Problems existing in information construction of public culture. The informatization construction and service of urban public culture is the "soft urban infrastructure and basic guarantee" to realize the essence of the city. However, due to the lack of relevant standards and guidelines, China’s urban public cultural services generally adopt a "top-down" planning and management model, which has become a macro-planning and management activity led by the government and participated by industry associations. The phenomenon of "absence" and "being served" of urban residents is more prominent and has become the main problem of urban public cultural information service at this stage.
The deep reasons for the low quality of smart city planning and construction
Lack of basic standards, poor overall sharing and mutual benefit. Cities are super-complex systems. To coordinate different sections of smart cities and meet the diverse needs of the information society, the most important thing is to "establish rules" and set "rules of the game". Due to the lack of "basic standards" for the definition, acquisition and processing of information and data, the same information or data can not be standardized in the definition and collection of different channels, and it is difficult to achieve mutually beneficial sharing in the processing and control applications in different fields. It is necessary to study and formulate normative and supportive "basic standards" on the basis of specific standards of technology, industry and department to provide support for the "replacement" and "sharing" of various urban data.
There are many departmental standards and lack of unified urban interfaces. At present, the construction of smart cities is mainly promoted by different departments, such as the traffic control department is responsible for smart transportation, the information management department is responsible for smart government affairs, the business department is responsible for smart logistics, the health department is responsible for smart medical care, and the education department is responsible for smart education. At the same time, it is also responsible for formulating the construction standards of this department. In essence, this belongs to "each person cleans his own door, and never mind others’ frost". Although the related standards are convenient for internal resource allocation and evaluation, they lack the coordination and unified interface between departments, which not only leads to the chaos of "many-to-many" and "many-to-one", but also is the root cause of the chaotic planning of smart city projects, repeated construction and overlapping systems, and "the more smart cities are built, the less intelligent urban operation and management is"
The value standard is "economical", and the planning and construction has become a "burning money" competition. The outstanding feature of smart city construction in China is that it overemphasizes infrastructure construction and the research and application of new technologies. Influenced by this, the evaluation of relevant standards mainly focuses on geographic information system, remote sensing, 3D simulation, digital city, e-government, digital transportation, etc. This is the direct embodiment of the development mode of "economic urbanization" in the field of urban informatization, and it also makes smart city planning and construction a new round of "burning money" competition to a great extent. China’s urban information infrastructure has not lost to western developed cities. At present, the most important thing is not to increase infrastructure construction and capital investment, but how to "revitalize" the existing infrastructure, information and data resources and management service systems and mechanisms, and explore the establishment of a smart growth model with low cost and high income.
"Smart Plus" should be regarded as an important part of the formulation of smart city standards.
Incorporate "Smart+"into the formulation of smart city standards. When the national and local governments are about to start the formulation of the "14th Five-Year Plan" and related special plans, "smart+"should be regarded as an important part of the formulation of smart city standards, and it should be started first according to the requirements of "strengthening top-level design and improving laws and regulations". In the specific research and formulation, we should pay attention to abandon the barriers of line management, and make overall planning with application as the guide, so as to achieve clear hierarchy, clear organization and strong operability. At the same time, we should jump out of the level of technology and investment and enter the system level of technology integration, comprehensive management, demand capture and complete realization, which can guide the activities of smart cities with all factors, all fields and all cycles.
Promote the development of important standards for smart cities with "Smart Plus". The first is the standard of smart city element system. As soon as possible, a set of elements system of smart city with universal guiding significance will be provided to all parties in a standard form, so as to identify the specific focus and projection path from the ideal goal of smart city to urban planning, construction, management and service, establish the regular relationship between the overall goal of smart city and specific measures and means, and provide guidance for the city to carry out its work according to local conditions. The second is the evaluation and diagnosis criteria of smart cities. Although the country has issued and implemented GB/T 33356 "Evaluation Index of New Smart City" and GB/T 36333 "Top-level Design Guide of Smart City" and other design guiding standards, the coordination and cohesion between them are not strong and the system is not complete enough. Therefore, it is necessary to take the core connotation of smart city as the key link, rely on the goal direction of urban planning and construction, supplement and formulate operational evaluation and diagnosis standards for smart cities that are coordinated with existing standards, identify the "root causes of urban diseases" and prescribe effective prescriptions, scientifically evaluate the running track of cities, and control the pace and quality of urban development. The third is data utilization and sharing standards. Establishing the required standards for the mining, merging and sharing of multi-source data can reduce the production cost of data, improve the efficiency of data utilization, help solve the waste and inefficient allocation of a large number of data, and realize the most effective data definition and mining for specific urban management needs.And through directional data processing operations, we can get reliable conclusions to guide urban decision-making, and give full play to the role of big data in boosting urban management.
Attach importance to the application of "intelligence+"in standard test verification. China has a vast territory, numerous cities and uneven development, and there are obvious differences in the construction of smart cities in different regions. Select representative cities and regions to carry out the implementation of standards or draft standards, accumulate experience and explore paths for the wide-range implementation and application of standards, and also help to verify the applicability of standards in different types of cities, and form a beneficial comparative analysis among the implementation results of different cities, explore solutions of great significance and value to urban management and decision-making at the national and local levels, and provide China experience and China standards for the planning and construction of smart cities around the world.
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