The "Thousand Villages Demonstration and Ten Thousand Villages Renovation" project (referred to as "Ten Thousand Villages Project" for short) is an important decision made by the Supreme Leader General Secretary during his work in Zhejiang. In June, 2003, the Supreme Leader made a strategic decision to implement "Ten Million Projects" on the basis of solid grass-roots investigation, based on the characteristics of Zhejiang’s agricultural situation and development stage, and based on the regular understanding of green development and coordinated development. In the past 20 years, Zhejiang has continuously deepened the "Ten Million Projects", promoted the organic integration of beautiful ecology, beautiful economy and beautiful life, and gradually upgraded to "Thousands of villages are excellent and beautiful" and "Thousands of villages are rich in the future", forming a vivid situation with Zhejiang characteristics, national influence and advancing with the times. "Ten Million Projects" is an effective exploration to promote the high-quality development of rural areas and achieve common prosperity during the period of rapid urbanization in Zhejiang Province, which laid the ideological foundation for the important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the work of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. From the perspective of high-quality development and common prosperity in rural areas, this paper traces back to the important exposition of "Ten Million Projects" by General Secretary of the Supreme Leader and realizes the power of truth.
Main practice and regularity understanding
During his work in Zhejiang, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader not only drew a blueprint and pointed out the direction, but also pointed to the path and teaching methods, and continued to give important guidance after working in the central government. Over the past 20 years, in accordance with the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, Zhejiang has made in-depth planning and promotion, initially explored a feasible path to promote common prosperity in rural areas with high-quality development, and formed a series of effective practices.
(1) Adhere to the principle of ecological priority and promote the combination of green development and coordinated development.
During his work in Zhejiang, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader clearly put forward the "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", profoundly revealed the internal consistency between environmental protection and economic development, pointed out the transformation path of cultivating "beautiful countryside+"agriculture, culture, tourism and other new formats in rural areas, explored the industrial chain development model of rural areas relying on the advantages of ecological environment endowment, and piloted the only way for green development and coordinated development in rural areas, that is, promoting the high level of ecological "green, rich and beautiful". For example, Lishui, Zhejiang Province has established the first ecological product value realization mechanism in China, and explored an effective path for high-quality development in mountainous areas and the coordination of ecological benefits and common prosperity.
(2) Adhere to the principle of adapting to local conditions and promote the differentiated development of different regions in line with comparative advantages.
The "Ten Million Project" is based on the topographic differences such as mountains, plains, hills and islands, and distinguishes developed areas from underdeveloped areas, suburban villages and pure agricultural villages. It works in combination with local development level, financial affordability and farmers’ acceptance, and tries its best to do what it can, with high and low standards and no uniformity. Based on the existing industrial base, factor endowment and geographical environment in rural areas, the industrial transformation path is designed, which fully embodies the differentiated development ideas that conform to comparative advantages and is helpful to improve the efficiency of resource allocation in rural construction. For example, Putuo District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province introduced industrial support policies such as Putuo Narcissus and Putuo Buddha Tea, and implemented the project to improve the main capacity of Putuo Buddha Tea Core Demonstration Base.
(C) adhere to the principle of party building leading, the implementation of party and government leading rural revitalization.
The "Ten Million Project" is the "number one" project in which the main leaders of the party and government earnestly assume the leadership responsibility, and it has formed a work promotion mechanism in which the party and government leaders personally grasp, the leaders in charge directly grasp and implement at different levels. Every year, a high-standard on-the-spot meeting of "Ten Million Projects" is held, with the participation of the top leaders of the party and government in provinces, cities and counties. The location is generally selected in counties (cities, districts) with great efforts, rapid progress and typical significance, creating a strong atmosphere of catching up with learning and striving for Excellence. Adhere to the mechanism of government investment guidance, the combination of rural collective and farmers’ investment, and the active support of social forces to ensure that the economic and social development in rural areas adheres to the correct political direction.
Policy suggestions for nationwide promotion
The outstanding achievements of Zhejiang’s "Ten Million Projects" are the concentrated expression of the great power of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s thought in the new era of the supreme leader, which is profound in theory, times and universality. While summing up the experience and practice of "Ten Million Projects", it has been continuously transformed into ideas and concrete measures to promote common prosperity in rural areas of China in the new era.
(A) adhere to the new development concept as a guide, with development as the theme of rural revitalization.
The "Ten Million Project" has carried out strategic positioning and policy deployment for high-quality development in rural areas, and made clear the new development concept of coordinated urban-rural development and regional development from the top-level design, providing an important practical basis for the construction of beautiful countryside. At present, the key to inherit and develop the "Ten Million Projects" is to implement the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively with the system concept. First, we must firmly take green development as the core of high-quality development in rural areas. Human resources in rural areas are relatively scarce, and the ecological environment endowment is relatively superior. We should develop advanced manufacturing industries and modern service industries with low environmental cost and high added value, such as eco-industry and eco-tourism, develop suburban characteristic industries, actively create unique IP creative products that conform to the historical origin and the spirit of the times, and promote urban-rural linkage of industries such as agriculture, forestry, tourism, sports and businesses. Second, we must firmly take the concept of coordinated development as an important foundation for high-quality development in rural areas. Comprehensively promote the common prosperity of the vast rural areas, establish a new model of "small towns+central villages+ordinary villages" linkage development, focus on county urban and rural planning, develop and expand county-level industries to enrich the people, promote the integration of county-level urban and rural development, strengthen the function of villages and towns, promote the effective link of industrial chain and supply chain in rural areas, and promote the efficient division of labor and cooperation of rural characteristic industries. The third is to firmly take the concept of shared development as the foothold of high-quality development in rural areas. Sharing development is first manifested in promoting the high-quality development of rural sharing economy.Explore the establishment of forest carbon sink trading and ecological compensation mechanism based on forest resources and air resources. Promote the construction of modern wisdom sharing rural cultural industries such as "digital+rural culture". Shared development is also manifested in the inclusiveness of rural development, which needs to stimulate the enthusiasm and creative spirit of all the people and promote the good situation of rural residents’ co-construction and sharing and everyone’s struggle.
(B) adhere to the principle of common but differentiated, and promote regional coordination with rural development.
"Ten Million Projects" is a hierarchical and classified policy arrangement made by the Supreme Leader General Secretary for rural areas in Zhejiang based on a large number of solid local surveys, that is, some central villages have achieved demonstration and guidance, and ordinary villages have generally improved and optimized. Promoting common prosperity with high-quality development is not flush and consistent, but a differentiated development path of getting rich first and then getting rich. First, we must adhere to the high-quality development of central villages as the "growth pole" of rural construction. Select some central villages with good development potential, improve the connectivity and bearing capacity of transportation infrastructure, expand the coverage and construction quality of digital infrastructure, rationally strengthen the social public service functions of central villages such as business, social services and training, and support some more developed central villages to build commercial complexes. Second, we should persist in taking the integrated and optimized development of general villages as the "growth point" of rural construction. Moderately improve the population concentration of general villages, highlight the high-quality development of industries that conform to comparative advantages, such as inheriting excellent culture and integrating rural tourism. We will promote the development of new modes and formats such as "digital+","tourism+"and "ecological+",integrate funds for various construction projects, promote the linkage between government funds and social funds, and help rural areas realize the dynamic upgrading of factor endowments. Third, we should adhere to the basic principle of developing rural economy according to local conditions. Pay attention to the differences and characteristics of development,Dig deep into resource endowments and focus on agricultural products processing, and strive to create a new development pattern of "one village, one product, one county and one industry".
(C) adhere to the market’s position in resource allocation, and give full play to the role of the party and government as a fighting fortress.
The successful implementation of the "Ten Million Project" fully shows that the key to promoting the common prosperity of rural areas lies in exerting the synergistic effect of effective market and promising government, and making the political advantages of party and government leaders responsible and the characteristic advantages of local economic development form a joint force. First, we should give full play to the role of rural grassroots party organizations as fighting fortresses. Give full play to the leading role of the secretary of the village party organization and the director of the village committee, guide the grassroots cadres in party member to take the lead, unite and lead the peasants to listen to the party’s words, feel the party’s gratitude and follow the party, and give full play to the leading role of rural grassroots party organizations in industrial development and project investment. The second is to give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation. First of all, it is necessary to promote the market-oriented allocation reform of rural factors in different levels, enhance the availability, convenience and effectiveness of rural financial services, and actively explore ways to realize the separation of ownership, qualification and use rights of rural homesteads. The third is to promote efficient coordination between the government and the market. Explore the cooperation between government and social capital (PPP mode), focus on improving rural infrastructure and public utilities, establish a stable "benefit sharing" mechanism between the government and market players, and effectively balance the realistic problem of long investment return period in rural areas through long-term holding and market-oriented operation.
(The author is a researcher at the School of Economics, Zhejiang Gongshang University)
关于作者