[Press by study group]
Our party’s military guidance theory has its own characteristics.
What is the essence of this theory?
Yes, military dialectics. It is also a unique creation for the Communist Party of China (CPC) people to think about military issues with Marxist standpoint and viewpoint.
President Xi has discussed this dialectics.
1, talk about the dialectics of war and peace
President Xi pointed out: "Only when you can fight can you stop fighting. If you are ready to fight, you may not have to fight. The more you can’t fight, the more likely you are to be beaten. This is the dialectics of war and peace."
2, talk about the dialectical relationship between war and politics
President Xi pointed out: "To plan and direct war, we must deeply understand the political nature of war, insist that military should obey politics, strategy should obey politics, and think about war from a political height." This profoundly clarifies the dialectical relationship between war and politics and clarifies the fundamental principles of war guidance.
3, talk aboutMilitary struggle preparation
President Xi pointed out: "China’s security threats are complex and diverse, and they are characterized by multi-directional linkage. Grasping the preparations for war must be considered in an all-round way, and we must not lose sight of this. "
Wait a minute.
Today, I recommend a chapter "On Military Dialectics" in President Xi’s Important Exposition Reader on National Defense and Army Building (2016 Edition).
From the published version of the People’s Liberation Army Daily.
Strive to learn Marxist stand, viewpoint and method.
— — On military dialectics
Military dialectics is a unique creation for the Communist Party of China (CPC) people to think about military issues with Marxist standpoint and viewpoint, and it is the essence of the Party’s military guiding theory.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, President Xi has creatively applied dialectical materialism and historical materialism world outlook methodology to study and solve contemporary military problems in China, profoundly revealing the laws of national defense and army building, military struggle preparation and war guidance under the new era conditions, and enriching and developing the Party’s military dialectics.
To study President Xi’s important expositions on national defense and army building, we should not only deeply understand a series of new ideas, new ideas and new strategies put forward in the important expositions, but also focus on mastering the military dialectics thought that runs through them, improve our ability to understand and apply military laws, and better push forward the cause of strengthening and rejuvenating the army.
1. Dialectics of war and peace
Correctly understanding and handling the relationship between war and peace is an important issue concerning the overall situation of national security and development strategy, and it is also a logical starting point for thinking about planning national defense and army building.
President Xi pointed out: "Only when you can fight can you stop fighting. If you are ready to fight, you may not have to fight. The more you can’t fight, the more likely you are to be beaten. This is the dialectics of war and peace." This science reveals the contradictory characteristics of the interrelation and mutual transformation between war and peace, provides methodological guidance for us to understand the war problem under the new era conditions, and enriches and develops the Marxist view of war.
Historical experience shows that peace must be backed by strong strength, and winning can effectively contain war and ensure peace. The Chinese nation is a peace-loving nation. Taking the road of peaceful development is a strategic choice made by our party according to the development trend of the times and the fundamental interests of our country. In the long-term practice, our Party has put forward and adhered to the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, established and pursued an independent foreign policy of peace, made a solemn commitment to the world that it will never seek hegemony or expand, and emphasized that China has always been a staunch force for safeguarding world peace. These must be unswervingly adhered to and never wavered. We are eager for peace, but we will never give up our legitimate rights and interests, and we will never trade the core interests of the country; We will never seek hegemony or engage in aggression and expansion, but if someone wants to impose a war on us, we must be able to fight a decisive battle.
"If there is a literary person, there must be military equipment." In the international contest, political strategy is very important, but in the final analysis, it depends on whether you have strength and can use it. With sufficient strength, political operation has a strong backing, and it is not enough to rely on a golden tongue. Since the founding of New China, it is precisely because we attach great importance to national defense construction and dare to show our swords at critical moments that we have withstood various external pressures and safeguarded the country’s independence, autonomy, security and dignity. Now, although the means and options for safeguarding national security have increased, we can use them flexibly and skillfully, but we must never forget that military struggle is the strong backing of national political and diplomatic struggle, and military means are always the means to protect the bottom. Make the army stronger, so that the strength is sufficient and the waist is hard.
Give full play to the strategic functions of military forces in creating a situation, preventing crises, containing wars and winning wars.
President Xi pointed out, "We should make preparations and stop wars, deterrence and actual combat, war actions and the use of military forces in peacetime as a whole to create a favorable strategic situation for the peaceful development of the country". This profoundly reveals the position and role of military forces in the overall situation of national security and development strategy.
At present, the scope and field of national security issues are constantly expanding, the functions and tasks undertaken by the military are constantly expanding, and the use of military forces is becoming more and more normal and diversified. The focus of military strategic guidance should move forward, pay more attention to the use of military force and military means to create a favorable strategic situation, prevent crises to the maximum extent, actively resolve and control crises, and curb armed conflicts and war outbreaks.
In the past, we used to talk about raising troops for a thousand days and using troops for a while, but now we want to talk about raising troops for a thousand days and using troops for a thousand days, because the troops show a characteristic of integration of training and using troops and normalization of their use. It is necessary to thoroughly study the characteristics and laws of the use of military forces in peacetime, innovate the ways and means of the use of military forces, and enhance the quality and efficiency of the construction and use of military forces.
The army has a revolutionary spirit of not fearing death, and its weapons and equipment are not inferior to or even higher than those of people, so it is possible to win the war at the minimum cost of life.
President Xi pointed out that "attaching importance to the weapon factor means attaching importance to the human factor". On the issue of winning the war, people are the decisive factor. No matter how the conditions of the times develop and the form of war evolves, this rule will never change. At the same time, we must see that with the continuous development of military technology, the importance of weapons is rising. If there is a generation difference in weapons and equipment, it will be difficult to fight.
To say that weapons and equipment are becoming more and more important does not mean that people will not play a decisive role, but that human factors and weapons factors are more and more closely combined. Weapons are always used in war, and the human factor should be combined with the use of weapons and equipment. Without weapons and equipment, the basic component of war, the human factor is impossible. Therefore, there must be a self-defense weapon, and there must be a killer weapon that people are afraid of, so that we can better stop the war with force.
2. Military obeys politics and strategy obeys politics.
War is the continuation of politics, which is a basic viewpoint of Marxist war theory.
President Xi pointed out: "To plan and direct war, we must deeply understand the political nature of war, insist that military should obey politics, strategy should obey politics, and think about war from a political height." This profoundly clarifies the dialectical relationship between war and politics and clarifies the fundamental principles of war guidance.
Dealing with the relationship between war and politics is related to the fate of the country. In the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, we fought and talked, advanced and stopped. The CPC Central Committee and Chairman Mao first considered it politically, which laid an important foundation for winning the war and taking the initiative. There are also many lessons in this regard. This tells us,We must be good at thinking and handling military issues from a political perspective, and be good at planning and guiding military actions with a view to the overall interests of the country.
Realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the highest interest of the country and the nation. Now, we are closer to this goal than ever before. The more we are at such a critical stage of development, the more we need to keep a clear-headed strategy, strengthen our strategic determination, handle the dialectical relationship between war and politics, and understand and plan the war issue with the great goal of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, so as not to make strategic mistakes. It is necessary to profoundly understand and grasp the strategic intentions of the Central Committee and the Military Commission, and closely focus on the major policies of the CPC Central Committee and the overall work of the party and the state, and plan and design major military actions.
In today’s era, the relationship between military and politics is closer, the relevance and integrity at the strategic level are increasing, the influence and restriction of political factors on war are becoming more and more prominent, and the political, policy and sensitivity of military struggle are significantly enhanced. We should have both military and political minds. Commanders at all levels, especially senior commanders, should strengthen their political awareness, overall awareness and command awareness, and plan military operations with an eye on the overall situation of national politics and diplomacy and national security strategy.
Whether to fight or not, when to fight, how to fight, and to what extent, we must obey and serve politics. Sometimes it is advantageous from a military point of view, but if it is not allowed politically, it cannot be acted rashly. On the other hand, if it is politically necessary, we must act resolutely even if there are difficulties and risks in the military.
3. Grasp the construction from a comprehensive point of view
Materialist dialectics holds that things are universally related, things and their elements influence and restrict each other, and the whole world is an interconnected whole and an interactive system. In the practice of governing the party, the country and the army, President Xi consciously and actively applied this materialist dialectics, and clearly put forward the "four comprehensive" strategic layout and five development concepts. In the military field, he proposed to comprehensively promote national defense and army building, promote political army building, reform and strengthen the army, rule the army according to law, establish "five more emphasis" on the strategic guidance of army building and development, and achieve higher quality, higher efficiency and more sustainable development, which fully reflected the comprehensive view of grasping construction.
On the army building, President Xi pointed out that "we must adhere to the principle of unity of revolutionization, modernization and normalization to strengthen the all-round army building". Army building is a whole, and paying attention to all-round construction is a basic experience formed in our long-term practice of army building. Revolutionization determines the nature and direction of army building, modernization is the center of all army work, and regularization is the important foundation of army building. Revolutionization, modernization and regularization are interrelated, mutually reinforcing and inseparable. We must persist in grasping construction from a comprehensive perspective, make unified plans and comprehensively promote revolutionization, modernization and regularization, promote the all-round development of military, political, logistics, equipment and other fields, and constantly improve the overall level of army building.
On military reform, President Xi pointed out: "National defense and military reform are systematic projects, and we must strengthen overall planning." It is necessary to learn to play the piano, grasp the relevance and coupling of various reform tasks, avoid paying attention to one thing and paying attention to the other, and avoid going its own way and constraining each other. We should hold on to the reform task that affects the whole body, and promote the overall progress with key breakthroughs. To correctly handle the relationship between reform, development and stability, we should be bold and steady, grasp the pace of reform, control the risks of reform, and vigorously and orderly promote reform.
On the preparation of military struggle, President Xi pointed out: "The security threats facing China are complex and diverse, and they are characterized by multi-directional linkage. Grasping the preparations for war must be considered in an all-round way, and we must not lose sight of this. " Coordinate the preparations for military struggle in the traditional security field and the new security field, coordinate the preparations for military struggle in the military, politics, logistics and equipment, and promote the comprehensive and coordinated development of military struggle preparations.
4. Strengthen strategic thinking, dialectical thinking, innovative thinking and bottom line thinking.
At the executive meeting of the Central Military Commission in November, 2012, President Xi emphasized the need to update the military thinking mode and ideas, and fully grasp the world outlook and methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism. President Xi’s important exposition on national defense and army building contains scientific standpoints and methods, and embodies distinct strategic thinking, dialectical thinking, innovative thinking and bottom line thinking. We should seriously study and apply these thinking methods to observe things and analyze problems, and constantly enhance the scientificity, foresight, initiative and creativity of our work.
Strategic thinking means being far-sighted, commanding the overall situation, and being good at grasping the overall trend and direction of things. "Those who don’t seek for the world, don’t seek for the moment. Those who do not seek the overall situation are not enough to seek a domain. " When President Xi leads national defense and army building, he always looks at problems from a global perspective and a long-term perspective, grasps the development trend and direction of things as a whole, and embodies grand strategic thinking.
He stressed that it is necessary to strengthen the awareness of the overall situation, put understanding, grasping and obeying the overall situation in the first place, and look at the world, the future, the present and all aspects; To talk about the overall situation, we must talk about the overall situation of the party and the state, deepen the overall situation of national defense and military reform, and talk about the overall situation of military work, and always think and plan under the overall situation. It is emphasized that planning and promoting construction must first look at the general trend and the overall situation, see clearly the development trend of the world, correctly understand the historical position of national defense and army building, and profoundly grasp the phased characteristics of national defense and army building; We should have a strong strategic awareness, study major strategic issues in depth, constantly broaden our strategic horizons, update our strategic thinking, enhance our strategic literacy, and improve our strategic planning and guidance capabilities; We must maintain strategic sobriety and strategic determination, never be afraid of any risks, never be confused by any interference, and insist that Qingshan will not relax. This requires us to have a broad vision and a broad mind, to see the big picture from the small, to see the small, to observe, think and deal with problems from the forefront of the times and the strategic overall situation, to understand and judge the situation politically, to grasp the essence of things and the inherent laws of development through complicated superficial phenomena, to focus on the long-term and big picture, and to make efforts to cope with the situation, move with the situation and follow the trend.
Dialectical thinking means acknowledging, analyzing and solving contradictions, and being good at grasping the key points, finding the key points and gaining insight into the development law of things. President Xi is good at using materialist dialectics to analyze complex things, and dialectically thinks about Chinese dream and dream of strengthening the military, war and peace, politics and military, political strategy and strategy, preparing for and stopping war, deterrence and actual combat, safeguarding rights and maintaining stability, etc.
For example, in terms of development and security, it is emphasized that development is the foundation of security and security is the condition of development. The greater our size, the greater the external pressure we will bear and the more internal contradictions we will face. In the relationship between all aspects of construction and improving combat effectiveness, the dialectics of eating eggs and throwing grenades is emphasized, and the military, political, logistics, equipment and other aspects of the army should ultimately be conducive to improving the combat capability of the army; In training and ensuring safety, it is emphasized that the stricter the training, the less likely it is to cause problems, and the more passive it is to ensure safety, the less safe it is; In deepening the reform of national defense and the army, it emphasizes the handling of major relations such as structure and function, reform, development and stability; In the development of equipment, it is emphasized to do something and not to be led by others; In terms of strategy and tactics, it is emphasized that you fight against yours and I fight against mine, making full use of strengths and avoiding weaknesses and defeating the enemy’s weaknesses. This requires us to observe things objectively rather than subjectively, develop rather than statically, comprehensively rather than one-sidedly, systematically rather than piecemeal, universally linked rather than isolated, analyze and solve problems, grasp the development law of things in the unity of opposites between contradictory parties, and overcome extremes and one-sidedness.
Innovative thinking means breaking superstition, transcending stereotypes, being good at adapting to the times, advancing despite difficulties, and pioneering and innovating. "The wise change from time to time, and the wise are made according to things." The military field is the most intense field of competition and confrontation, and it is also the field with the most innovative vitality and the most innovative spirit. President Xi pointed out that innovation is the soul of a country’s development and progress, and also the soul of an army’s development and progress. Realizing the goal of strengthening the army is a pioneering undertaking, and we must be brave in exploration, bold innovation and determined to reform, otherwise it will be difficult to make great progress and great achievements. It is emphasized that we should emancipate our minds, change our concepts, bravely change the mindset of mechanized warfare, and establish the ideological concept of information warfare; Change the mindset of maintaining traditional security and establish the idea of maintaining national comprehensive security and expanding strategic interests; Change the mindset of single service operation and establish the idea of integrated joint operation of various services and arms; Change the mindset of sticking to the interests of the department, and establish the ideological concept of a game of chess for the whole army and the whole country. This requires us to have the will to open the way on every mountain and bridge the river, the spirit to be the first and take the lead, the attitude to explore true knowledge and be pragmatic, to break the inertia thinking of superstitious experience, books and authority, and to promote military struggle preparation and various constructions with new ideas, new horizons, new methods and new standards.
Bottom line thinking is a positive thinking that objectively sets the lowest goal, bases on the lowest point and strives for the maximum expectation. "The wise guard against disasters before they sprout, and the wise plan for the future." President Xi pointed out that we should be good at using the method of "bottom line thinking", prepare for everything from the bad side, and strive for the best result, so as to be prepared, not panic when things happen, and firmly grasp the initiative. It is emphasized that we must be proactive, take precautions, take precautions, play the first move, fight the initiative, be prepared to deal with any form of contradictory risk challenges, and be prepared for various struggles in economy, politics, culture, society, diplomacy and military; Emphasize that when national sovereignty and territorial integrity encounter major challenges, we have no retreat, and we must be tit-for-tat, fight for every inch of land and fight for every inch of the sea; It is emphasized that nothing leads to deep worry, something leads to no fear, and it is better to be prepared than to fight, not to fight unprepared, and so on. This requires us to strengthen our sense of urgency, crisis and mission, strengthen our readiness to fight at any time, base ourselves on the most difficult and complicated situation, think carefully about all possible situations, step up training and preparation, and ensure that we can withstand and cope with unexpected situations and win if something happens.
5. Work hard to revitalize the country and the army.
Comrade Deng Xiaoping said that everything in the world is done, and there is no Marxism at all. President Xi has always stressed that it is the fundamental requirement of the Party’s ideological line and mass line to be practical, pragmatic and practical, and to be in the forefront, and it is also an important symbol to measure the correctness of party member cadres’ world outlook and their strong party spirit. Not pragmatic and not implemented, even the best blueprint is a flower in the mirror and a moon in the water. If you don’t do a thing, you will do it, and if you do it, you will do it to the end.
How to implement the goal of strengthening the army in all fields and units of the army is a big article, which needs to be done in depth and detail in combination with the actual situation of the army.
"Although the Tao is close, it can’t be done; Although the matter is small, it is not impossible. " It is necessary to closely focus on the realization of the goal of strengthening the military, make decisions, grasp the construction, test the work with the standard of combat effectiveness, truly match what is said with what is done, and truly match the responsibility for the upper and the responsibility for the lower. Do more work that lays the foundation and benefits the long-term. We must not only be determined to innovate, but also prevent quick success and instant benefit, and we must not listen to empty words, superficial skills, fancy names and fake things.
Paying attention to investigation and research is an important heirloom for our party to do a good job in leadership.
President Xi pointed out: "To carry out investigation and research is to follow the mass line. Without investigation, there is no right to speak and no decision-making." Go to the army for research, don’t just run away, you can go to the army for a longer time, not necessarily so many points, select them, and then sink down to do in-depth research to get a thorough understanding of the situation. Don’t get off the bus and listen to the report, talk after listening, leave after speaking, see flowers in the fog, catch the moon in the water, and become air-to-air! Investigation is a good thing, but don’t make it formalistic. It is necessary to adhere to the problem orientation, thoroughly study the strategic issues of strengthening and rejuvenating the army, the bottleneck problems that restrict the development of the army, and the practical problems that officers and men are concerned about, so that the investigation and research can be closely combined with the central work and decision-making needs of the army and better serve the decision-making of party committees at all levels.
Perseverance is the key to success. President Xi stressed that it is necessary to have the spirit of nailing, hammer after hammer, until the nail is nailed firmly, nailed firmly and then nailed down one, and nailed down continuously, which is bound to be fruitful. It is good to grasp the work with great determination and enthusiasm, but it is not deep, thorough, unrealistic and short-lived. They are all grasping at a shallow level and grasping for quick success and instant benefit, and the result is getting worse. If you want to step on the stone and leave a mark on the iron, start from the beginning to the end, do well, set the goal and make the task clear, you must insist that the castle peak will not relax, and you must never be anticlimactic. In order to establish the concept that success does not depend on me, we should stick to a blueprint to the end, not engage in "image project" and "performance project" that wastes people and money, and make achievements that can stand the test of practice, people and history.
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